{"id":1246,"date":"2013-08-16T13:26:43","date_gmt":"2013-08-16T02:26:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.computationalfluiddynamics.com.au\/?p=1246"},"modified":"2013-08-16T13:26:43","modified_gmt":"2013-08-16T02:26:43","slug":"ansys-multiphysics-elon-musk-hyperloop","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.leapaust.com.au\/blog\/cfd\/ansys-multiphysics-elon-musk-hyperloop\/","title":{"rendered":"5 key areas where ANSYS Multiphysics will help overcome the engineering challenges of Elon Musk&#8217;s Hyperloop"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"bsf_rt_marker\"><\/div><p>This week marked the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.spacex.com\/sites\/spacex\/files\/hyperloop_alpha-20130812.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public release of Elon Musk&#8217;s much anticipated proposal<\/a>\u00a0for a new mode of\u00a0high-speed\u00a0transport to be built between LA and San Francisco, dubbed the <em>Hyperloop<\/em>.\u00a0 The concept is equally compelling for other busy air routes of between 500-1000 km, such as <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World's_busiest_passenger_air_routes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sydney to Melbourne (which is the 3rd busiest air route globally, according to Wikipedia)<\/a>.\u00a0 For engineers, the Hyperloop\u00a0is an exciting concept\u00a0which promises to\u00a0provide an alternative to high-speed rail that is both <strong>faster<\/strong>, <strong>cheaper<\/strong> and more <strong>energy efficient<\/strong>, but the reality is that numerous engineering challenges need to be overcome to deliver this project on-time and on-budget with an acceptable level of safety (in one of the most seismically-active regions on earth!).<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ansys.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>ANSYS Multiphysics<\/em><\/a><\/strong> software is uniquely placed to help the eventual collaboration partners make the Hyperloop a reality.\u00a0 Indeed, Elon Musk is no stranger to the ANSYS engineering community, with simulation technology already helping power two of his greatest achievements: <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ansys.com\/staticassets\/ANSYS\/staticassets\/resourcelibrary\/article\/AA-V1-I4-Keeping-Space-Race-from-Heating-Up.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SpaceX<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0and <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ansys-blog.com\/2013\/02\/01\/this-weeks-top-5-engineering-technology-news-articles-8\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tesla Motors<\/a><\/strong> <strong>.\u00a0 <\/strong>Musk himself notes in his proposal the potential to use CFD and FEA engineering simulation tools to further reduce the cost of the Hyperloop, stating &#8220;additional technological developments and further optimisation could likely reduce this price&#8221; along with multiple references to the use of simulation technology (such as his comment that &#8220;aerodynamic drag will be improved and\/or validated by computational methods&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p>Within the\u00a0global ANSYS community, there are already individual examples of how ANSYS simulation technology is used to design, validate\u00a0and optimise all of the individual components of the Hyperloop.\u00a0 For engineers here at LEAP Australia, the most intriguing part of the Hyperloop is that it is the perfect example of next-generation technological innovation that demonstrates the growing need for multidisciplinary engineering and\u00a0predictive simulations combining multiple physics:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>fluid dynamics,<\/li>\n<li>electromagnetics and<\/li>\n<li>structural mechanics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>All of these physics have a unavoidable influence on the <em>function<\/em>, <em>cost<\/em>, <em>efficiency<\/em> and <em>safety<\/em> of all key aspects of the Hyperloop design.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As engineers, let&#8217;s\u00a0consider just some of the critical design components that will go into successfully delivering this <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">innovative<\/span> and (as yet) <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">untested<\/span> mode of transport, and how the use of CFD, FEA and Electromagnetics simulation tools will be used.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Capsule aerodynamics<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-1291\" src=\"https:\/\/www.leapaust.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/train-cfd-150x150.png\" alt=\"train-cfd\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/>Streamlining of the capsule will reduce aerodynamic drag, as well as help identify the design and placement of the compressor used to ingest oncoming air and feed into systems for suspension and propulsion.\u00a0 Computational fluid dynamics simulations have already been used to demonstrate the validity of the Hyperloop&#8217;s &#8220;compressor within a tube&#8221; concept.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ansys.com\/staticassets\/ANSYS\/staticassets\/resourcelibrary\/article\/AA-V4-I1-Driving-Vehicle-Performance.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vehicle external aerodynamics<\/a> to minimise drag and maximise lift (to supplement air bearings), as well as <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ansys.com\/staticassets\/ANSYS\/staticassets\/resourcelibrary\/article\/AA-V7-I1-Flight-Simulator.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">avoid shock wave formation<\/a> (relating to capsule\/tube ratio)<\/li>\n<li>stability of air bearing suspension<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2. Capsule\u00a0onboard systems<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">The onboard compressor\u00a0alleviates choked flow between the capsule and tube walls by bypassing air to the rear of the capsule, as well as supplying high-pressure air for the air suspension bearings that support the weight of the capsule.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cadfem-us.com\/fileadmin\/software\/optislang\/RDO_of_an_axial_compressor_using_fsi_optislang.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">axial compressor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ansys.com\/staticassets\/ANSYS\/staticassets\/resourcelibrary\/article\/AA-V7-I1-Designing-Solid-Composites.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">composite pressure vessels<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ansys.com\/staticassets\/ANSYS\/Conference-2013\/Static%20Assets\/front-end-cooling-volvo.pdf\">intercooler<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ansys.com\/staticassets\/ANSYS\/staticassets\/resourcelibrary\/article\/AA-V4-I1-Simulation-Driven-Design-for-Hybrid-and-Electric-Vehicles.pdf\">electric motors<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ansys.com\/staticassets\/ANSYS\/staticassets\/resourcelibrary\/article\/AA-V6-I3-Fast-Charging-Battery-Development.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">onboard battery packs<\/a><\/li>\n<li>deployable wheels for low-speed motion, similar to<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ansys.com\/staticassets\/ANSYS\/staticassets\/resourcelibrary\/article\/AA-V1-I4-Flexible-Multibody-Dynamics.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> aircraft landing gear<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1301\" src=\"https:\/\/www.leapaust.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/batteries-cfd.jpg\" alt=\"batteries-cfd\" width=\"253\" height=\"137\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Tube design &amp; construction<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">The partially evacuated cylindrical tube will need to be sized for optimal airflow around the capsule for optimum performance and energy efficiency.\u00a0 The tube itself will also incorporate linear motor stations (comprising the stator) which will locally accelerate (or deccelerate) the capsule.\u00a0 Likewise, the tube structure and elevated pylons will need to be designed for resistance to loads from extreme winds, earthquakes, possible terrorist threats as well as the normal weight and dynamics of capsule operation.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1304\" src=\"https:\/\/www.leapaust.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/pylons-example-fea.jpg\" alt=\"pylons-example-fea\" width=\"307\" height=\"194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.leapaust.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/pylons-example-fea.jpg 307w, https:\/\/www.leapaust.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/pylons-example-fea-300x190.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.edr.se\/blogg\/blogg\/ansys_tutorial_earthquake_analyses_in_workbench\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">earthquake\/seismic studies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ansys.com\/Industries\/Industrial+Equipment+&amp;+Rotating+Machinery\/Industrial+Compressors,+Expanders+&amp;+Turbochargers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">industrial vaccuum pumps<\/a> to maintain reduced tube pressure<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ansys.com\/Products\/Simulation+Technology\/Electromagnetics\/Electromechanical+&amp;+Power+Electronics+&amp;+Mechatronics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">linear motor elements<\/a><\/li>\n<li>reinforced concrete pylons, which must be designed to allow <a href=\"http:\/\/www.idac.co.uk\/consulting\/casestudies\/seniorflex\/cs_seniorflex.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">longitudinal slip for thermal expansion<\/a>, as well as dampened lateral slip to reduce risks due to earthquakes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>4. Propulsion Systems<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">The propulsion system must rapidly accelerate the capsule to speeds between 480 &amp; 1,220 km\/hr and safely deccelerate the capsule at each end.\u00a0 The overall power requirements of the Hyperloop are influenced by propulsion motor efficiency, aerodynamic drag, battery charging requirements and vaccuum pump layout and power requirements.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.leapaust.com.au\/maxwell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">linear induction motor <\/a>with\u00a0optimised rotor (capsule) and stator (tube) designs<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ansys.com\/staticassets\/ANSYS\/staticassets\/resourcelibrary\/article\/AA-V2-I4-Electric-Motors-Advanced.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">inverters<\/a> to accelerate outgoing capsules as well as recover energy from incoming capsules<\/li>\n<li>power electronics<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>5. Capsule Safety Design<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.leapaust.com.au\/ansys-ls-dyna\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Crash worthiness <\/a>of capsule and passenger seat constraints<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>And the list goes on!\u00a0 Whilst the engineering\u00a0problems are numerous, the Hyperloop collaborators can take some confidence from noting that all of the individual components are already is use worldwide.\u00a0 For engineers however, it is the combination of these components (each with its own complex design challenges and coupled physics) that is the greatest challenge.\u00a0 I&#8217;m sure the teams at LEAP Australia and ANSYS Inc look forward to seeing the use of engineering simulation technology contribute to making Elon Musk&#8217;s dream into a reality.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.leapaust.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/hyperloop.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1353\" src=\"https:\/\/www.leapaust.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/hyperloop.jpg\" alt=\"hyperloop\" width=\"1000\" height=\"627\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.leapaust.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/hyperloop.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.leapaust.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/hyperloop-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.leapaust.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/hyperloop-768x482.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Images courtesy Hyperloop \/ Elon Musk, ANSYS Inc, INECO-TIFSA.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This week marked the public release of Elon Musk&#8217;s much anticipated proposal\u00a0for a new mode of\u00a0high-speed\u00a0transport to be built between LA and San Francisco, dubbed the Hyperloop.\u00a0 The concept is equally compelling for other busy air routes of between 500-1000 km, such as Sydney to Melbourne (which is the 3rd busiest air route globally, according&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.leapaust.com.au\/blog\/cfd\/ansys-multiphysics-elon-musk-hyperloop\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">5 key areas where ANSYS Multiphysics will help overcome the engineering challenges of Elon Musk&#8217;s Hyperloop<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1353,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","neve_meta_reading_time":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[323],"tags":[171,174,206,50,457],"class_list":["post-1246","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cfd","tag-ansys","tag-ansys-cfd","tag-electromagnetics","tag-innovation","tag-multiphysics-simulation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.leapaust.com.au\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1246","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.leapaust.com.au\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.leapaust.com.au\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.leapaust.com.au\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.leapaust.com.au\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1246"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.leapaust.com.au\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1246\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.leapaust.com.au\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1353"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.leapaust.com.au\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1246"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.leapaust.com.au\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1246"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.leapaust.com.au\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1246"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}